LICILikhaan Institute of Creatology & Innovation
Framework

The 3Ps@E framework.

Person, Process, Product, in operative Environment — the discipline's native organising lens, articulated by Aboganda in a 1972 working theory.

01
Person
The creative agent — traits, motivation, and development.
02
Process
The operations through which creative cognition proceeds.
03
Product
The outcome, and how its novelty and value are judged.
@E
Environment
The operative environment in which the three Ps act.
@E — the operative environment is not a fourth co-equal term but the medium in which Person, Process, and Product operate.

Convergent with, and independent of, Rhodes

The Person–Process–Product–Environment structure was articulated in Aboganda's 1972 working theory, 3Ps@E: General Proposition of Creatology. It both predates and runs parallel to the better-known “Four P's” of Mel Rhodes (1961). The two frameworks converge independently upon the same structure, which strengthens rather than diminishes the claim. Where Rhodes wrote “press,” Aboganda deliberately speaks of the operative environment.

A fifth, longitudinal facet

To the three Ps and their environment the science adds Persistence — the account of how creative outcomes propagate, accumulate, and seed further creation over time. This is the dialectical movement the 1972 work placed at the centre of the discipline under the name Dialectical Creatology.